Discovered by American chemist Charles Goodyear in 1839, vulcanization is a chemical process that transformed the rubber industry. The technique, which involves combining rubber with other materials, turns natural rubber into a durable, elastic material with many practical applications. Another term for vulcanization is “cure”.
In simple terms, vulcanization involves heating rubber with sulfur. This process causes the long polymer chains in rubber to form cross-links, creating a three-dimensional network structure. The result is a material that’s stronger, more deformation resistant, and less susceptible to temperature changes.
Key benefits of vulcanization are:
- Increased strength and elasticity
- Better resistance to solvents and chemicals
- Improved stability across a range of temperatures
- Reduced stickiness and increased durability
Vulcanization paved the way for the widespread use of rubber in everything from car tires to industrial seals, footwear, and countless other products we rely on daily. While sulfur is the most common vulcanizing agent, modern techniques may use other compounds, allowing for fine-tuned properties to suit specific applications.
For more information on vulcanization and other rubber industry terms and processes, please contact the engineers at Apple Rubber.